![]() This could be via phone and text message-based campaigns run by TV and radio stations, or questionnaires on newspaper websites. Volunteer sampling involves asking for people to volunteer to participate. Common examples of this would be conducting interviews in high-traffic locations, or among students. Convenience samplingĬonvenience sampling refers to approaches where considerations of simplicity rather than randomness determine which observations are selected in a sample. ![]() The main alternative to random sampling is quota sampling. This involves specifying required sub-samples, and obtaining these in a cost-effective way (e.g., obtaining 50 males under 30, 50 females under 30, 50 males 30 or older, and 50 females 30 or older). It is common practice to use as much randomization as possible when employing these techniques, in the hope that the resulting sample approximates the qualities of a random sampling. Specific types of non-random sampling include quota sampling, convenience sampling, volunteer sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. A sample that is not a random sample is known as a non-random or non-probability sample. For example, in surveys involving humans, it is usually not practical to contact most people, let alone to compel them to participate if randomly selected.Ĭonsequently, many alternatives exist to random sampling. Although the concept of random sampling is central to much of statistical theory, in practice it is rare. ![]() Sampling refers to the process of selecting a sample. A random sample is a subset of individuals selected at random from a larger population, where each individual in the population has a known and non-zero chance of being chosen. ![]()
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